BPF

BPF stands for Berkeley Packet Filter. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter:

BPF supports filtering packets, allowing a userspace process to supply a filter program that specifies which packets it wants to receive. For example, a tcpdump process may want to receive only packets that initiate a TCP connection. BPF returns only packets that pass the filter that the process supplies. This avoids copying unwanted packets from the operating system kernel to the process, greatly improving performance.

Configuration

Global BPF

You can specify your BPF in the global pillar on your manager node (/opt/so/saltstack/local/pillar/global.sls) and it will apply to all interfaces in your entire deployment by default. If there is no BPF configuration already in the file, you can append it to the bottom of the file.

If you have separate sensors reporting to that manager node, they will pull down the relevant BPF as part of the Salt update that runs every 15 minutes and then restart Suricata/Stenographer/Zeek so that the BPF change will take effect.

Stenographer example:

steno:
  bpf:
    - "Your BPF Here"

Suricata example:

nids:
  bpf:
    - "Your BPF Here"

Zeek example:

zeek:
  bpf:
    - "Your BPF Here"

Node-Specific BPF

If you don’t want your sensors to inherit BPF from the manager node, you can edit the minion sls file (/opt/so/saltstack/local/pillar/minions/$Hostname.sls), which will override any global BPF settings set from the global pillar.

Simple Example

Most organizations want to configure Stenographer to not record full packet capture for port 443 since it should be mostly encrypted traffic anyway:

steno:
  bpf:
    - not port 443

Quoting

YAML rules apply and so if you want to use a reserved YAML character such as [] {} > | * & ! % # ` @ ,, then you may need to enclose the entire line in double quotes. For example:

steno:
  bpf:
    - "!(port 443)"

Multiple Conditions

If your BPF contains multiple conditions you can join them with a logical and or logical or.

Here’s an example of joining conditions with a logical and:

nids:
  bpf:
    - not host 192.168.1.2 and not host 192.168.1.3

Here’s an example of joining conditions with a logical or:

nids:
  bpf:
    - host 192.168.1.2 or host 192.168.1.3

VLAN

If you have traffic that has VLAN tags, you can craft a BPF as follows:

<your filter> or (vlan and <your filter>)

Notice that you must include your filter on both sides of the vlan tag.

For example:

(not (host 192.168.1.2 or host 192.168.1.3 or host 192.168.1.4)) or (vlan and (not (host 192.168.1.2 or host 192.168.1.3 or host 192.168.1.4)))

Warning

Please note that Stenographer should correctly record traffic on a VLAN but won’t log the actual VLAN tags due to the way that AF-PACKET works:
https://github.com/google/stenographer/issues/211

More Information

Note

Check out our BPF video at https://youtu.be/uamNOjtUi4Y!

For more information about BPF, please see:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter
https://biot.com/capstats/bpf.html